Short citations included in the text of a research paper or assignment will enable your readers to find the full details of the source in the reference list.
Page numbers may or may not be included, depending on how specifically you have referred to the source. If you are using an electronic source that has no page numbers, you may use a paragraph number (abbreviation para.) to indicate to which part of the document you are referring.
When using the ACS Referencing Style, you may cite references within the text of your document in one of three ways:
If you paraphrase another author's ideas or research findings, integrate them as part of your text in your own words. When paraphrasing or referring to an idea contained in another work, you are not required to provide a location reference (page number), but may do so if appropriate.
Examples:
Hydrogen bonding can deactivate certain thiolates in these complexes (Maret, 2004).
Markham and Reczkowski (2003) stated that three signals were shown by the resulting complex.
Use double quotation marks to enclose another author's words. A location reference (page numbers or paragraph numbers) must be provided. If your direct quotation is more than 40 words, indent the quoted section without quotation marks.
Example:
According to Maret (2004), this interaction is "a partnership in which sulfur imparts mobility on zinc and zinc modulates the chemical properties of sulphur" (p. 3306).
If you use an idea from an author cited by another author, use "as cited in". In the reference list at the end of your paper, list only the secondary source.
Examples:
Wilkar and Lippard (as cited in Maret, 2004, p. 3302) stated that these results indicate that the dissociated ligand is a nucleophile.
These results indicate that the dissociated ligand is a nucleophile (Wilkar and Lippard, as cited in Maret, 2004, p. 3302).
You may cite more than one reference at the same place within the text of your document.
List the references alphabetically, according to the first author's name, followed by a comma and the year. Use a semi-colon to separate individual references.
Example:
.... the chemical compounds concerned (Adams, 1998; Dobbs and Steele, 2000; Mallard et al., 1995).
In-text citations are represented either by superscript numbers or italicised numbers in parentheses.
Numbers in the text of your document will correspond with the appropriate reference in your list of references at the end of your document.
Examples:
Hydrogen bonding can deactivate certain thiolates in these complexes1
Hydrogen bonding can deactivate certain thiolates in these complexes (1).
Markham and Reczkowski2 stated that three signals were shown by the resulting complex.
Markham and Reczkowski (2) stated that three signals were shown by the resulting complex.
When using one of the numbering systems, footnotes would be used for any extra information. Specific page numbers could be included in the full reference at the end of the document.
When citing more than one reference at the same place within your document: