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Post Graduate Health & Nursing: Critical Assessment of Resources

What counts as an academic resource?

You will often be asked to include scholarly, academic resources in your research.  This ensures a high level of credibility, reliability, accuracy and quality in the literature you use to form the basis of your own research.

While resources can take many forms, peer-reviewed journal articles are recognised as providing the highest level of academic quality.  This is because they go through a rigorous review process by other experts in the field before being published. This helps to ensure the research meets high standards of quality and accuracy and also the verification off the validity of the research findings.

Furthermore, these journal articles are usually the reports of original research that contributes new knowledge to the field, thus advancing the understanding of specific topics.

Other resources that, due to their reputation and/or unique nature, may be considered as academic and/or worthy of inclusion into your work, are things such as:

  • Government documents, statistics and reports.
  • Legal documents such as statutes (acts).
  • Information and/or policy provided by specialised organisations such as the New Zealand Nursing Council or Te Whatu Ora.

Critical Assessment Frameworks

Critically Assessing Resources

There are a number of frameworks you can follow to ensure the resource you are using is of high quality.

Two of the main ones we teach via our Library workshops are the CRAAP test (outlined below) and the kaupapa Māori-informed Rauru Whakarare Evaluation Framework (linked below the CRAAP test outline). Two other commonly used critical assessment methods are also linked below.

Currency

  • When was it published or last updated?
  • Is it the information still relevant and up-to-date?
  • Has anything newer been published?
  • Are the links functional?
  • How quickly does information change in this area?

Relevance  

  • Does the information relate to your topic and answer your question?
  • What is the level of the information and intended audience?
  • Does the information contribute to your knowledge of a subject?
  • How appropriate is the information for use within your research?

Authority

  • Who is the author/publisher /source of the information?
  • What are the author’s credentials?
  • Is the author affiliated with any educational or prominent institutions?
  • Is there any contact information provided?
  • Can you find any additional information about the author from other sources?

Accuracy

  • Are there any statements that seem unlikely or false?
  • Is the information supported by evidence and references?
  • Was the information reviewed by editors or experts before being published?
  • Are there any errors in spelling, punctuation, or grammar?
  • Does the information reflect what other people have said on the topic?

Purpose

  • Is the information factual; an opinion; or propaganda meant to influence the reader for political, ideological, cultural, religious or commercial purposes? Is it meant to sell, entertain, or inform?
  • Is there an obvious bias or prejudice?
  • What information is given about the author/organisation providing the information?
  • Does the author omit any facts or data that might disprove their claim?

 

Rauru Whakarare

Some other Frameworks to consider

Critical Analysis tools

These two critical appraisal tools are really handy for the critique of research, they outline what to look for and use a tick box approach for quick easy assessment. 

How good is the journal?

It is all very well to use academic journals for your research, but not all journal articles are created equally.  While the use of journal rankings and citation metrics is far from a perfect assessment of journal quality, it is a method that can used to assist with judging the quality of the journal.  The main thing to watch out for (particularly when you are ready to publish your research) are predatory journals.  Use the links below to find out more.

 

 

The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) have a rigorous process behind the indexing of their journals so checking whether a journal is indexed on DOAJ can be a way to check.

More information can be found in our Library Guides for researchers