Chicago Referencing Guide: Online Media

Format

Author Last Name, First Name. Year. "Title of Webpage in Title Case." Website Name. URL

Group Author. Year. "Title of Webpage in Title Case." URL

Notes

• If the page has a publication/modification date, include the year in between the author and title, AND the full date after the website name (month, day, year).
• If the page has no date mentioned, use n.d. for the year and add an access date before the URL.  e.g. Accessed April 6, 2024.
• An acronym can be used for the name of the group/organisation in-text. The reference entry must then be alphabetised under the acronym. The full name is put in brackets after the acronym in the reference list. See Books - Group Author for an example.
• For multiple pages from the same website published in the same year include a unique reference list entry for each and differentiate with a, b, c etc. after the date in the reference list and in-text, e.g. 2019a.

Format

Author Last name, First name. Year. “Post Title in Title Case.” Blog Name in Italic Title Case (blog), Larger Publication Name in Italic Title Case, Month Day, Year. URL.

Notes

• Blogs are cited in the same format as newspapers, with the word “blog” added in brackets (unless the blog name already contains the word “blog”).
• If the blog is part of a larger publication, the title of the publication appears, also italicized.

Format

Author Last Name, First Name (Username). Year. “First words of post in sentence case.” Name of Social Media format, Month Day, Year. URL.

Notes

• This format can be used for posts to other social media platforms, e.g. LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter (X), Instagram and so forth.
• Include up to the first 20 words of the post in the title position of the reference list entry.
• Replicate emojis if possible. If you are not able to create the emoji, provide the emoji name in square brackets e.g. “[smirking face emoji]” for 😏
• Use the URL to lead to the post rather than the feed.