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Chicago Referencing Guide: Online Media

Webpages

Format

Author Last Name, First Name. Year. "Title of Webpage in Title Case." Website Name. URL

Group Author. Year. "Title of Webpage in Title Case." URL

Reference List

Hansen, Jeff. 2019. “Coming Together in Times of Crisis.” Sea Shepherd. https://seashepherd.org.au/latest-news/bushfire-commentary

In-Text

... (Hansen 2019).

OR

Hansen (2019) ...

Notes

  • If the page has a publication/modification date, include the year in between the author and title, AND the full date after the website name (month, day, year).
  • If the page has no date mentioned, use n.d. for the year and add an access date before the URL.  e.g. Accessed April 6, 2024.
  • An acronym can be used for the name of the group/organisation in-text. The reference entry must then be alphabetised under the acronym. The full name is put in brackets after the acronym in the reference list. See Books - Group Author for an example.
  • For multiple pages from the same website published in the same year include a unique reference list entry for each and differentiate with a, b, c etc. after the date in the reference list and in-text, e.g. 2019a.

Blog Post

Format

Author Last name, First name. Year. “Post Title in Title Case.” Blog Name in Italic Title Case (blog), Larger Publication Name in Italic Title Case, Month Day, Year. URL.

Reference List

Germano, William. 2017. “Futurist Shock.” Lingua Franca (blog), Chronicle of Higher Education, February 15, 2017. https://www.chronicle.com/blogs/linguafranca/futurist-shock

In-Text

... (Germano 2017).

OR

Germano (2017) ...

Notes

  • Blogs are cited in the same format as newspapers, with the word “blog” added in brackets (unless the blog name already contains the word “blog”).
  • If the blog is part of a larger publication, the title of the publication appears, also italicized.

Social Media Post

Format

Author Last Name, First Name (Username). Year. “First words of post in sentence case.” Name of Social Media format, Month Day, Year. URL.

Reference List

Obama, Barack. 2020. “It’s World Health Day, and we owe a profound debt of gratitude to all our medical professionals.” Twitter, April 7, 2020. https://twitter.com/­BarackObama/­status/­1247555328365023238

In-Text

... (Obama 2020).

OR

Obama (2020) ...

Notes

  • This format can be used for posts to other social media platforms, e.g. LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter (X), Instagram and so forth.
  • Include up to the first 20 words of the post in the title position of the reference list entry.
  • Replicate emojis if possible. If you are not able to create the emoji, provide the emoji name in square brackets e.g. “[smirking face emoji]” for 😏
  • Use the URL to lead to the post rather than the feed.